La UNESCO creó un instituto con sede en Alemania UIL – UNESCO Institute for Long Life Learning – cuyo objetivo es que comenzando en el 2030 hasta llegar al 2050, toda la humanidad tenga derecho a la educación de por vida. La idea es que todas y todos aprendan a aprender, que durante la formación básica tengan acceso a la educación híbrida y más adelante tengan derecho a actualizarse, reinventarse y acceso a la cultura universal.
La divulgación de la ciencia en español podrá jugar un papel crucial en el rubro de la cultura científica ya que es la cuarta lengua más hablada del mundo.
Durante esta charla explicaré algunas técnicas que me han sido útiles para popularizar la ciencia. Señalaré que un existe una forma adecuada para todo tipo de público, por la que realizar divulgación requiere de sumo cuidado para tomar en cuenta a quien se dirige uno; y que el conocimiento que se quiera transmitir sea correcto. Destacaré la importancia de evaluar el trabajo de divulgación tanto en la parte académica como la de comunicación.
Es investigadora titular de tiempo completo del Instituto de Astronomía de la UNAM. Ocupa la Silla XXV de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua.
Su área de trabajo ha sido la materia interestelar y sus trabajos más recientes se refirieron al Sistema Solar. Ha sido profesora en la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM y grabó un curso en línea de libre acceso. La labor más destacada es en divulgación de la ciencia. Ha escrito 41 libros de divulgación y decenas de publicaciones diversas. Participa en programas de radio y televisión. Ha dictado centenares de conferencias en 39 países.
A lo largo de 53 años de actividad, ha recibido distinciones como los premios de Divulgación de la Ciencia de la Academia del Mundo, el Premio Kalinga de la UNESCO, el Klumpke-Roberts y las medallas de Oro Primo Rovis del Centro de Astrofísica Teórica de Trieste y la Medalla Mario Molina. Posee tres doctorados honoris causa. Varios laboratorios, bibliotecas, planetarios, sociedades astronómicas y cinco escuelas y una luciérnaga llevan el nombre Julieta Fierro.
We firmly believe that the internet should be available and accessible to anyone, and are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the widest possible audience, regardless of circumstance and ability.
To fulfill this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at the AA level. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people with a wide array of disabilities. Complying with those guidelines helps us ensure that the website is accessible to all people: blind people, people with motor impairments, visual impairment, cognitive disabilities, and more.
This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs.
Additionally, the website utilizes an AI-based application that runs in the background and optimizes its accessibility level constantly. This application remediates the website’s HTML, adapts Its functionality and behavior for screen-readers used by the blind users, and for keyboard functions used by individuals with motor impairments.
If you’ve found a malfunction or have ideas for improvement, we’ll be happy to hear from you. You can reach out to the website’s operators by using the following email
Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements, alongside console screenshots of code examples:
Screen-reader optimization: we run a background process that learns the website’s components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when updating the website. In this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. For example, we provide accurate form labels; descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guidance for form inputs; element roles such as buttons, menus, modal dialogues (popups), and others. Additionally, the background process scans all of the website’s images and provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based description as an ALT (alternate text) tag for images that are not described. It will also extract texts that are embedded within the image, using an OCR (optical character recognition) technology. To turn on screen-reader adjustments at any time, users need only to press the Alt+1 keyboard combination. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn the Screen-reader mode on as soon as they enter the website.
These adjustments are compatible with all popular screen readers, including JAWS and NVDA.
Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the website’s HTML, and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the website operable by the keyboard. This includes the ability to navigate the website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdowns with the arrow keys, close them with Esc, trigger buttons and links using the Enter key, navigate between radio and checkbox elements using the arrow keys, and fill them in with the Spacebar or Enter key.Additionally, keyboard users will find quick-navigation and content-skip menus, available at any time by clicking Alt+1, or as the first elements of the site while navigating with the keyboard. The background process also handles triggered popups by moving the keyboard focus towards them as soon as they appear, and not allow the focus drift outside of it.
Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements.
We aim to support the widest array of browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS and NVDA (screen readers), both for Windows and for MAC users.
Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating and improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advancements. For any assistance, please reach out to